![]() The model contained only two free parameters: the system's damping coefficient, and its central (resonance) frequency. Our analysis revealed that the stimulus-response relation was well described by an under-damped passive, second-order low-pass filter in series with an idiosyncratic, fixed, pure delay. We here demonstrate that human subjects faithfully track a sound's unpredictable movements in the horizontal plane with smooth-pursuit responses of the head. Previous studies have indicated that, although ocular localization responses to stationary sounds are quite accurate, ocular smooth pursuit of moving sounds is very poor. Our findings suggest that the visual strategies used during table tennis rallies are different between expert and semi-expert players, even though they both have more than 10 years of experience.Īlthough moving sound-sources abound in natural auditory scenes, it is not clear how the human brain processes auditory motion. This result indicates that the gaze-ball angle during table tennis rallies could be associated with eye movements rather than head movements. Furthermore, as the result of multiple regression analysis, the effect of eye movements on the gaze-ball angle was significantly higher than that of head movements. We also found that eye movements of expert players were significantly smaller than that of semi-expert players. This result indicates that expert players tended to keep their gaze position on the ball shorter than semi-expert players. The results showed that the gaze-ball angle of expert players was significantly larger than that of semi-expert players. Eye and head movements during rallies were also recorded with the eye tracking device and Gyro sensor, respectively. Horizontal and vertical angles between the gaze point and ball positions at the time the ball bounced (gaze-ball angle) were analyzed with the image that was recorded by an eye tracking device equipped with Gyro sensor. ![]() ![]() Participants conducted a 20-stroke rally under each tempo condition. Two tempo conditions were used in the order of 130 and 150 bpm. Collegiate expert and semi-expert table tennis players conducted forehand rallies at a constant tempo using a metronome. The purpose of this study was to clarify the properties of visual strategies for gaze, eye, and head movements in skilled table tennis players during rallies. ![]()
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